Understanding fleas, and flea control

Fleas survive by feeding on the blood of their hosts, and in severe infestations, can lead to significant blood loss, potentially proving fatal if left untreated.

The life cycle of a flea encompasses four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Understanding this cycle is vital for effective flea control.

Female fleas lay eggs in the pet’s hair coat, which subsequently fall off into the environment.

These eggs hatch into larvae that feed on organic debris, including digested blood from adult fleas.

Larvae then transition into the pupal stage, often creating protective cocoons within carpet fibres.

Remarkably resilient, pupae can remain dormant for months.

Once developed, adult fleas emerge from the cocoons and promptly seek hosts to feed on.

The entire flea life cycle can be completed in as little as three weeks.

Signs that your pets may have a flea burden include scratching, hair loss around the back legs and tail base, irritated skin and pale gums (in severe cases).

You may see an adult flea (dark reddish or brownish oval), but they are very small and move quick so can be hard to spot.

The presence of flea dirt may also indicate a presence of fleas. Flea dirt is the faeces from the fleas and looks like little brown specks in your pet’s coat.

To confirm whether the specks are flea dirt, you can perform a simple test by placing them on a white paper towel or tissue and adding a few drops of water.

If the specks dissolve into reddish-brown streaks, it indicates the presence of flea dirt, as flea faeces contain digested blood.

Given the potential dangers, taking prompt action against fleas is paramount.

To effectively combat fleas, a two-step approach targeting both adult fleas and their eggs or larvae is crucial.

A wide range of flea control products exists, varying in mode and duration of action. These include oral chews and topical treatments.

By utilising products that address multiple stages of the flea life cycle, we can achieve rapid control and minimize the risk of resistance in future flea generations.

It is important that the product you use is species specific, as certain dog flea treatments can be incredibly dangerous to cats.

Sometimes a pet’s indoor environment also needs to be treated for fleas using environmental flea products designed to quickly kill fleas and stop their reproduction.

There are pet-safe options available, and always consult your veterinarian to find the best products for your needs.

Do not use household insecticides on your pets as these may contain pyrethrins which can result in toxicity.

Regularly washing bedding and vacuuming carpets can also help reduce the presence of fleas in the environment.

While flea populations may slow down during the winter months, it is imperative to maintain flea control measures year-round.

Ceasing treatment during colder periods can make it significantly more challenging to control infestations during the spring and summer when flea populations flourish.

By remaining vigilant throughout the year, you can effectively mitigate the risk of infestations and ensure your pets remain protected.

• If you would like any more information on fleas and flea prevention products, call Finley Vet Clinic or pop in to the clinic to chat to one of the friendly staff members.